West Irian Liberation Struggle: Diplomacy, Confrontation, and Victory

May 1, is celebrated as West Irian Liberation Day, a historical moment that marks Indonesia’s success in reclaiming the West Irian region from the grip of Dutch colonialism. It has been a long journey, full of diplomatic twists and turns and persistent people’s struggle. Let’s explore this inspiring story deeper:

West Irian Liberation Struggle

Root of the Problem: Dutch Colonization and Territorial Claims

Since the 17th century, the Dutch colonized the West Irian region, as well as the main islands of Indonesia. After Indonesian independence in 1945, West Irian was still under Dutch rule. This gives rise to disputes and is one of the obstacles to the recognition of Indonesia’s full sovereignty.

Diplomatic Efforts: Towards a Peaceful Solution

The Indonesian government, under the leadership of President Soekarno, was persistent in fighting for West Irian through diplomacy. Various efforts were made, such as:

• Asian African Conference (KAA) in Bandung (1955): Indonesia gathered international support for the settlement of West Irian.
• Negotiations in The Hague (1957) : Negotiations between Indonesia and the Netherlands reached an impasse.
• Appearance at the UN General Assembly (1961) : Soekarno made a loud speech at the UN, drawing world attention to the issue of West Irian.

Confrontation:

Defense of Sovereignty and Popular Determination

Diplomatic efforts that never produced results prompted Indonesia to take firm steps. In 1962, the Mandala Command was formed to liberate West Irian. Military confrontation was inevitable.

1. Trikora Operation (1962) : Military operation to thwart the formation of the Dutch puppet state of Papua.
2. Struggle for Small Islands : Indonesian troops succeeded in controlling several small islands in West Irian.

Determining People’s Opinion (PEPERA): Towards a Democratic Solution

In the midst of a confrontational situation, the UN proposed a peaceful solution through the Determination of Popular Opinion (PEPERA). Indonesia agrees and cooperates with the UN to implement PEPERA.

• PEPERA Process (1969) : The people of West Irian were given the right to choose to join Indonesia or Independent Papua.
• PEPERA Results : The majority of the people of West Irian chose to join Indonesia.

May 1, 1963: Victory of Diplomacy and National Unity

On May 1, 1963, West Irian was officially integrated into Indonesian territory. The Red and White Flag was raised in Papua, marking the end of Dutch colonialism and the victory of the people’s struggle.

Significance of West Irian Liberation Day:

1. Regional Sovereignty : West Irian Liberation Day emphasizes Indonesia’s territorial sovereignty and the nation’s determination to maintain national integrity.
2. People’s Struggle : This commemoration is a tribute to the sacrifice and persistence of the people of West Irian and all the Indonesian people in reclaiming the territory.
3. National Unity : This day is a reminder of the importance of national unity and unity in facing various challenges.

Conclusion:

West Irian Liberation Day is not just a date on the calendar, but an inspiring story about people’s struggle, tough diplomacy and the victory of national unity. The fighting spirit of the heroes and their determination to defend regional sovereignty must continue to be preserved by future generations.